Page 186 -------- Dump Schemes ------------ a) Monday 0 Tuesday 1 Wednesday 1 Thursday 1 Friday 1 ... to restore, reload (a) Monday then (b) Last Night's tape b) 1st day of Month 0 2nd through 10th 1 (daily) 11th through 20th 2 (daily) 21st through 31st 3 (daily) ... to restore, reload (a) Tape from 1st of Month then (b) Tape from 10th of month (if after 10th) then (c) Tape from 20th of month (if after 20th) then (d) Last Night's tape c) Further parts of the scheme i) Back up different parts of the system at different times, setting up the whole scheme automatically in Crontab ii) Set up a regular (lunchtime?) job to take a half day backup of files which have changed (use "find" with today's date in all but temporary directories?) iii) For vital data on newtork systems, consider regular backup onto disc drive of a second system (e.g. database copy every hour by cron). In the event of failure, maximum loss will be one hour and access can be maintained by second system while first is fixed. Page 188 -------- If a "-f" flag is used in "mt" or "tar", THIS takes precidence for device TAPE environment variable is used if "-f" is not specified Default has now become rst8 (i.e. no "-f" and no TAPE), but GREAT CARE should be taken as this is not consistent between releases! IDEA: The default device could be changed to a symbolic link to the device that you really want - no need to mess about with changing TAPE or using "-f". DOCUMENT IT if you do this! Page 189 -------- reads AS WRITTEN Drive ... writes ... and also ... 60 Mb Drive rst0 QIC 11 format - 60 Mb Drive rst8 QIC 24 format - 60 Mb Drive nrst0 QIC 11 format, no rewind - 60 Mb Drive nrst8 QIC 24 format, no rewind - 150 Mb Drive rst0 QIC 150 format - 150 Mb Drive rst8 QIC 150 format QIC 24 format 150 Mb Drive nrst0 QIC 150 format, no rewind - 150 Mb Drive nrst8 QIC 150 format, no rewind QIC 24 format, no r Care of "DUMP" if won't fit on one tape - EOT is CALCULATED from input parameters and job will fail if you overrun. Run DUMP without a tape in the drive to check the command and size of dump! Example for Exabyte given is a 2.3 Gbyte drive How about a DIAGRAM showing the order of the command ( and perhaps compare with "cc" to explicitly note the two styles) Alternative to "v" use sample restore (eh?) Page 195 -------- Manual pages for current defaults Page 197 -------- Now restore ivf /dev/rst0 mt -f /dev/rst0 rewind dump 0ucsf 1500 /dev/nrst0 /dev/sd0a dump 0ucsf 1500 /dev/rst0 /dev/sd0h Page 198 -------- n.b. echo Unix, but imaginary structure; "make nodes" is automatic Page 199 -------- Say NO to avoid change. Otherwise clobbers permission of directory Earlier & 202 ------------- Supposed to note down SUPERBLOCK locations at "newfs" so they can be manually brought back in the event of a problem. Base is always "16", and there is always a copy at "32" - the rest will vary. There is a "newfs" flag to enquire fsck -b .. will check with a given superblock instead of 16 Page 203 -------- "b" and "126" not needed. restore r ... for incrementals Page 20? -------- Real exercise to restore root partition: b st() ... etc until miniunix loaded newfs /dev/rsd0a mkdir /mnt mount /dev/sd0a /mnt cd /mnt restore rvs /dev/rst0 cd / umount /mnt fsck /dev/sd0a mount /dev/sd0a /mnt cd /usr/mdec installboot /mnt/boot bootsd /dev/rsd0a cd / umount /mnt fsck /dev/sd0a L1-A b sd() Page 208 -------- OR cd ------ tar cvf /dev/rst0 . * DON'T use absolute paths * tar backs up files AND/OR recursive directories * tar doesn't like /dev Page 210 -------- Path must be EXACT ... e.g. ./sleepy/file NOT sleepy/file ... check it with tvf Page 212 -------- Reading stops BEFORE tape mark, so need mt -f /dev/nrst0 fsf 1 between sequential reads, and always count 1 over what you expect also applies to restore. beware - dump sometimes writes 1 file and sometimes 2 (changes between releases of SunOS), so that you may have to go forward twice as far as you think Page 213 -------- Other "mt" actions eom - end of medium (2 tape marks) stat - status report asf - absolute file no. bsf - back up tape (NOT cartridge!) Page 216 -------- bsd only Page 218 -------- Apply quotas only to where users have write access - typically * Their home structure * /tmp No point in applying to /usr as they can't write there! At reboot, quotas in fstab is flagged as unknown option. Don't worry about it - another program scans this file for quotas, and this does understand the term. at point 4, /home = . Page 219 -------- 5 & 6 reversed? gets line for EACH partition on which a quota file exists. blocks are K in this case. by default, 1 inode is made per 4K by newfs, so there is rarely much need to allocate file quotas Page 221 -------- Same time limit is applied to all users Too tight quotas will mean a lot of irate phone calls Scheme: - Low soft quota - High hard quota - short timeout will encourage users to delete temporary files, but will give them plenty of capacity for active work. Page 224 -------- OK on 4.1.1 Page 231 -------- DOESN'T catch su windows can count as login file grows - gathers data from LOAD of operating system Page 236 -------- Default root crontab is said to contain "sa > /dev/null" to tidy up this information on a regular basis to avoid it growing out of control C2 security ----------- CHECK IT'S IN THE KERNEL ... If not , vaste amounts of mail, files, ... Full C2 gives 800 Mbytes per user per day so: ... set up a profile for all users ... override for individuals can have NFS audit format (?) NO EXTRA SECURITY except - passwords go to /etc/security - more hidden - asks all users for password, even if not set - can latch on to monitor a user REALLY AN AUDIT SYSTEM Suggest specific partitions for audit data name of Super user MUST be "root", or C2CONV doesn't work Take care NOT to change adjuncts files manually - all sorts of problems Page 271 -------- /usr/share/lib/termcap NOT LOOKED AT by vi in release 4.1.1 vi also ignores TERMCAP environment. ... uses /usr/lib/terminfo/... instead Look at "tic" if you need a conversion program Page 273 -------- "zs0" and "zs1" become just "zs" on sparc Page 278 -------- Postscript driver available as a purchaseable item from Sun for our printer stty 19200 parenb parodd cs8 Page 286 -------- lp|oki:\ :lp=/dev/ttyb:br#19200:sd=/var/spool/lpd:ms=parenb,parodd,cs8: for a remote laser laser:\ :lp=:rp=lp:rm=jaws:sd=/var/spool/laser: rp - name at remote machine rm - remote machine name Page 289 -------- creates two files per spooled print: cf = control file df = data file use "lp -h" to put in link to save space (this is sys V default) Page 293 -------- no restart; start goes back to the beginning of the current job Page 295 -------- -g and -v are common flags Page 304 -------- Don't make extra swap are the first partition, as it would overwrite the disc label